柴窝堡湖表层底泥重金属污染评价

研究了乌鲁木齐市柴窝堡湖表层底泥的重金属含量,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对底泥中的重金属潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明:底泥中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均超出乌鲁木齐市土壤背景值。除湖心区外,Cd在5个监测区域中的潜在生态危害均为中等;其它重金属在5个采样点的潜在生态危害均为轻微。各重金属间的相关性分析表明,Zn与Cu,Pb与Cd、Cu呈显著正相关,说明这4种元素污染源可能相同。柴窝堡湖表层底泥受到Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd污染,需采取相应措施防止重金属由底泥进入水相。     

柴窝堡湖营养状态和限制因子分析及富营养化防治对策

应用柴窝堡湖2005—2009年的监测数据,对其水质进行评价,并用综合营养状态指数法分析了湖库总体富营养化水平,利用水质N／P比值和叶绿素a的相关分析,探讨了湖库富营养化的限制因子,并对改善水质提出了几点建议。     

长潭水库富营养化现状及防治对策

介绍了长潭水库的水文、功能及社会环境概况。跟踪统计分析了3个点位9年以来的监测数据和环境质量,研究显示,总体水质先降后升,水文因素非常明显。目前富营养化程度为中营养,主要污染因子波动指标为TP、TN、叶绿素a、pH值几个项目。同时分析了污染因子波动的原因以及氮、磷的来源。根据当地环境、经济状况,提出了控制水体富营养化的建议、方法。     

阳宗海表层沉积物磷、氟、硫的分布与污染状况

对阳宗海表层沉积物中磷、氟、硫的含量进行了调查,并用单指标标准指数法对污染水平进行了评价.结果表明,阳宗海表层沉积物磷、氟、硫含量的平均值依次为1 041 mg/kg、1 075 mg/kg、2 743 mg/kg.生活、生产污水、工业废气,以及机动船只、网箱养鱼等活动是阳宗海表层沉积物中磷、氟、硫的主要来源.磷、氟、...     

Ecological risk assessment of pesticide residues in Taihu Lake wetland, China

As a major ecosystem type, wetland provides invaluable ecological services. Environmental pollution, especially pesticides pollution should be paid more attention to keep wetlands healthy. Based on the risk quotient method, coupled with a probabilistic risk assessment model, this paper proposed a methodology suitable for ecological risk assessment of pesticide residues for wetland ecosystems. As an important industrializing and ecologically vulnerable area in China, the Taihu Lake wetland was chosen for the case study. The risks of eight pesticides in Taihu Lake wetland were assessed, as single substances and in mixtures. The assessment indicates that risks of the representative species are not significant. In general, the herbicide is found to be more toxic for algae, whereas insecticides pose more risks to zooplankton, insect and fish. For each pesticide in the wetland, the ecological risk it poses is acceptable. But the combined ecological risk posed by mixture can harm more than 10% of species of the wetland ecosystem, mainly dominated by dichlorvos, dimethoate and malathion contributions. These results imply that pesticide residues have been posing pressures on the ecosystem of the Taihu Lake wetland. It is recommended that proper countermeasures should be implemented to reduce the risks.     

Optimizing model for land use/land cover retrieval from remote sensing imagery based on variable precision rough sets

The suitable spectral mode in remote sensing is often desirable to facilitate the inversion of ecological environment and landscape. This paper put forward an optimizing model based on variable precision rough sets (VPRS) for the land cover discrimination in wetland inventory. In the case study of Lake Baiyangdian which has important ecological functions to the northern China, this model is established successfully according to the domain-experts knowledge. The procedure is as follows. First step is data collection, including remote-sensing data (e.g., Landsat-5 TM bands), the digitized relief maps, and statistical yearbooks. Second, the remote sensing imagery (RSI) and relief maps are co-registered into the same resolution. Third, a condition set, including various attributes is derived from spectral bands, band math or ratio indices based on previous studies, at the same time, the decision set is derived from true land types after investigation and validation. Then, the remote sensing decision table (RSDT) is constructed by linking condition set with decision set according to the sequential pixels in RSI. Fourth, we create one forward greedy searching algorithm based on VPRS to handle this RSDT. After adjusting parameters such as β and knowledge granularity diameter (KGD), we obtain the stable optimized results. Comparative experiments and evaluation show that the discrimination or retrieval accuracy of VPRS model is satisfying (overall accuracy: 87.32% and KHAT: 0.84) and better than original data. Moreover, data dimension has been decreased dramatically (from 12 to 3) and key attributes found by the model may be useful for specific retrieval in wetland inventories.     

鄱阳湖流域水化学主离子特征及其来源分析

系统采集了鄱阳湖流域湖水、河水,分析测定各单元水体主离子组成.结果表明,鄱阳湖流域枯水期主离子浓度大于丰水期主离子浓度,TDS集中在60—100 mg.L-1,属于弱矿化度水;总硬度浓度40—60 m.gL-1,属于软水;其中Ca2＋和SO24-是占绝对优势的离子,分别占阳离子和阴离子总量的45.0%和47.5%.湖区...     

淀山湖浮游藻类增长的氮磷限制性营养研究

2009年1月至12月对淀山湖浮游藻类生物量及主要营养元素N、P含量进行了监测,并利用藻类增长的生物学评价（NEB）方法对浮游藻类增长的限制性营养元素进行了研究,采用双变量相关性分析了水体中N、P含量与浮游藻类生物量的相关性.结果表明,磷含量与藻类生物量有显著的正相关（Rmax=0.980）,添加磷能明显促进藻类生物量...     

太湖部分沉积物中多环芳烃生态风险评估

对2009年12月采集的部分太湖表层沉积物中多环芳烃类化合物（PAHs）的现状进行调查和研究,结果表明,太湖流域表层沉积物中共检出属于美国优先控制16种PAHs中的9种,各采样点位PAHs浓度范围在264.9—1703.2 ng·g-1之间.分析显示,表层沉积物中以4环及4环以上PAHs为主,两者之和约占PAHs总量的...